California permit test: format, pass mark, attempts
The knowledge test is the written part of getting your instruction permit. Here is how it works, from the California Driver Handbook and the DMV, with a source for each fact.
Independent practice site. We're not the DMV and aren't connected to any government agency.
The knowledge test at a glance
- Format
- Multiple choice.Source: Handbook section 3, page 5
- To pass
- 80% correct.Source: DMV page: Instruction permits
- How many questions
- The DMV pages we read don't give a number: [current question count, from a DMV source]. In the DMV's own 2006 study of its tests, the adult test had 36 questions and the test for under-18s had 46, so our full-length practice exams use those counts.Source: DMV study of its knowledge tests (2006, RSS-06-221)
- Time limit
- The DMV pages we read don't mention one: [time limit, if any].
- Tries
- 3 tries per application. After the third fail you apply again and pay the application fee again.Source: Handbook section 3, page 5
- If you fail and you're under 18
- Wait 7 days before you try again, not counting the day you failed.Source: Handbook section 3, page 5
- If you fail and you're 18 or older
- The handbook doesn't set a wait for adults: [adult retake wait, confirm with the DMV].Source: Handbook section 3, page 5
- Testing aids
- None allowed. You can't use the handbook or your phone during the test.Source: Handbook section 3, page 5
- Vision test
- Everyone takes one. If you wear glasses or contacts for it, your license will say you must wear them to drive.Source: Handbook section 3, page 5
- Application fee
- $46, and it isn't refunded. The application stays valid for 12 months.Source: Handbook section 2, page 2; DMV website, checked 15 October 2026
- Office hours
- DMV offices don't give knowledge tests after 4:30 p.m.Source: DMV website, checked 15 October 2026
- Where you take it
- Plan on a DMV office: the DMV's permit page describes only office tests. After you apply at dmv.ca.gov/dl, the DMV shows you the testing options open to you.Source: DMV page: Instruction permits; Handbook section 3, page 5
What you need to apply for a permit
- Proof of identity.
- Two proofs that you live in California (exceptions may apply).
- A document with your legal full name, if the name on your identity document doesn't match your application.
- Your Social Security number (exceptions may apply).
- The completed application and the fee. Then you pass the knowledge test and the vision test.
Source: Handbook section 2, page 2
Under 18, you also need to
- Be at least 15½ years old.
- Complete a driver education program.
- Have a parent or guardian sign the application. If your parents share joint custody, both sign.
- Wait to use the permit until you start driver training with an instructor, who validates it.
Source: Handbook section 2, page 3
Take the free 20-question test
20 questions from every topic, each with the answer explained and a link to the handbook page. You need 16 right for 80%, the pass mark the DMV uses. Free, no sign-up.
Practice by topic
Sources
- Handbook section 2, Getting an instruction permit and driver's license, pages 2 to 4
- Handbook section 3, The testing process, pages 5 to 7
- DMV page: Instruction permits
- DMV study of its knowledge tests (2006, RSS-06-221)
We read these sources and wrote this page in our own words. The DMV has the final word, and rules change, so check anything important with the DMV before your appointment.